Textile apparatus



May 21, 1935. w. A. DlCKlE ET AL TEXTILE APPARATUS Filed Aug. 30, 1952ERNEST L. Gaezuw m Patented May 21, 1935 UNITED STATES TEXTILE APPARATUSWilliam Alexander Dickie and Ernest Leslie Greenwood, Spondon, signorsto Celanese near Derby, England, asorporation of America, a

corporation of Delaware Application August 30,

1932, Serial No. 631,058

In Great Britain September 24, 1931 4 Claims.

Thisinvention relates to textile apparatus and in particular to yarnguides, especially such guides as are used for yarns likely to sufierdamage if subjected to excessive tension. 7

As is well known, the tension imparted to a yarn in its passage over acurved guide surface is dependent both on the length of contact the yarnmakes with the surface, and on the curvature of the surface, both ofwhich factors are directly related to the angle through which'the yarnturns in passing round the curved surface. The speed at which the yarnpasses over the surface, and the nature of the yarn, i. e. the materialof which the yarn consists and the structure of the yarn, and the natureof the uide surface are also factors determining the amount of tension;

It has now been found that the tension exerted upon yarns in passingover guides can be reduced in-an astonishing manner if the surface ofthe yarn guide has very fine scores or furrows which run in a directiontransverse to the direction of movement of the yarn over the guidesurface. By transverse is meant any direction not parallel orsubstantially parallel to the direction movement of the yarn. Thisreduction of tension obtained by replacing a smooth surface of the yarnguide by transverse furrows is evident whatever the materials employedfor the guide.

The guides according to the present invention may be used in connectionwith all kinds of natural staple fibres, such as cotton or wool, or ofcontinuous filaments, such as silk, especially degummed silk, orartificial filaments of cellulose acetate or other cellulosederivatives, or of reconstituted cellulose such as viscose,nitrocellulose or cuprammonium silk. The guides may also be used inconnection with spun yarns made from continuous natural or artificialfilaments. The guides, however, are of particular advantage in the caseof relatively low-twist or untwisted threads of continuous filaments,which yarns are .more prone than others to the disadvantage of oexcessive tension, probably owing to the -tendency of the filaments tospread over the guide surface, and are more susceptible to the effectsof excessive tension.

It is important that the furrows should be small in depth and fairlyclose together. In practice, furrows so fine as only to be apparentundera microscope have been found to be very effective, reductions oftension of 70-95% having been obtained in the case of low-twistartificial yarns after providing guides of difierent materials with suchfurrows.

Guides of the character to which the furrows may be applied withadvantage are found in all classes of textile machinery.

The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference tothe accompanying drawing, but it is to be understood that thisdescription is given by way of example only and is in no respectlimitative.

Figure 1 shows in part section a capstan shaped guide according to theinvention;

Figure 2 shows a bent hook guide in elevation;

Figure 3 shows a pigtail guide in elevation;

Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a split guide eye; I

Figure 5 is a plan of the guide eye shown in Figure 4; and v Figure 6shows the application of some of these thread guides in an apparatus forthe dry spinning of artificial silk.

In Figure 1 a thread guide of the capstan type is shown, the body I 0 ofthe guide being mounted on a spindle II and retained thereon by flangesI2. As will be seen the body I 0 which is made of glazed or unglazedporcelain or glass is constricted towards the middle to retain thethread on the surface thereof, and as shown on the lefthand side of thefigure, is provided with frequently occurring shallow grooves l3 runningacross the path of the thread which proceeds round the guide. Thisguideis of a type which may be employed in connection with the drawingof loops of thread in shuttleless looms as de- 5 scribed for example inU. S. application Serial No. 484,785 filed September 16, 1930. v

It has been found that although the guide l0 may move on its spindle llbecauseof the movement of the yarn there is still some slippage of 0 thethread over the guide surface and the provision of the grooves I 3actually assists in reducing the tension created by the passage of theyarn.

Figure 2 shows a hook-shaped guide which may be usedin the wet spinningprocess for the manufacture of artificial filaments, the guide servingto guide the filament from the spinning orifice through the bath andalso to guide the filament on to and over the godet roller from whichthe filament passes to the twisting mechanism. The guide may be made ofglass or of metal, for example stainless steel, mild steel or chromiumplated steel. The part I 5 of the guide over which the thread orfilament passes is provided on its surface with grooves I6 runningacross the path of the thread, these grooves preferably being formedafter the formation of the guide when vitreous materials such asporcelain, glass or the like are employed.

In Figure 3 a pigtail guide is illustrated, constructed of a metal orglass rod l8 provided with frequently occurring grooves l9 and bent intothe 1 required shape after the provision of such grooves. The groovesmay of course be provided after the formation of the guide as in Figure2, but where a metal rod is employed it is generally more convenient toform the grooves on the rod before forming the guide.

The grooves or furrows in the guide surface may be produced in anyconvenient manner, depending of course on the nature of the guidematerial. For example a metal guide surface may be grooved or furrowedby rubbing in the direction to be taken by the furrows by means of fineemery paper or other abrasive or by means of a file or wheel havingsufficiently fine teeth. In the case of a rod-like guide of smalldiameter emery or other paper or cloth may be rubbed longitudinally ofthe guide, or emery, carborundum or other abrasive powder may be appliedby means of a cloth as a simple means of scoring the surface, whereas inthe case of larger surfaces draw filing may be employed with advantageto produce the grooves or furrows in a simple manner. In the case ofharder guide surfaces such as glass abrasive cloths or powder havingappropriate hardness 'may be' employed.

Figures 4 and 5 show a sectional view, a plan view respectively of aneye guide. The horseshoe shaped portion 22 of the guide is constructedof porcelain and is mounted in a metal plate 23 fitting into a groove2|. The horseshoe piece 22 is broken away as at 25 in order to permit athread to be passed laterally into the guide eye. The surface of theguide over which the. thread passes is provided with grooves 27 whichare shallow in depth and frequent in occurrence.

In Figure 6 a side elevation in section of an apparatus for the dryspinning of artificial silk is illustrated. A dry spinning cell 30 isprovided with a supply pipe 3l for the spinning solution, which leadsthe solution through a filter candle 32 to the spinning jet 33. Thefilaments extruded'frorn the jet 33 pass down the cell 30 and aredeflected by means of a guide 35 which is of the kind-illustrated inFigure 2, to an opening 36 in the wall of the cell 30. The filaments 34pass round a feed roller 31, and at the back of the feed roller they arecaused to pass through a pigtail guide 38 of the kind described withreference to Figure 3, this guide facilitating manipulation of thefilaments and ensuring that they do not adhere to the roller 31. Onleaving the roller 31 the filaments pass to the thread guide 40 of a capspinning device 4| by means of which they are twisted and wound on to abobbin 42. The thread guide 40 is of the kind described with referenceto Figures 4 and 5.

What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

1. Yam guide in which the surface of the guide over which the yarn is topass has very fine scores or furrows in a direction transverse to thedirection of movement of the yarn over such surface.

2. Yarn guide according to claim 1, wherein the yarn guide has a veryfinely scored or furrowed surface of a hard material such as glass.

3. Yarn guide according to claim 1, wherein the guide has a very finelyscored or furrowed surface of porcelain.

4. Yarn guide according to claim 1, wherein the yarn guide has a veryfinely scored or furrowed metal surface.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER DICKIE. ERNEST LESLIE GREENWOOD.

